GATE, PSUs - Hydraulics, Irrigation, water resource Engg. notes - part 5

Hello there,
How have you been? Here is the 5th part of our notes for preparation of GATE and other examinations related to Civil Engineering.

• A normal shock wave occurs when the approaching flow is supersonic.
• While sub-sonic flow through a converging duct, velocity increases and density decreases.
• While sub-sonic flow through a diverging duct,  velocity decreases and pressure density, temperature increases.
• While a supersonic flow through a converging duct, density increases and velocity increases.
• While a supersonic flow through a diverging duct, velocity increases and pressure decreases.
• A fluid is a substance which can not remain at rest when subjected to shear.
• The viscosity of a fluid varies with temperature.
• The locus of elevations that water will rise in a series of pitot tubes is called the energy grade line.
• For a developed turbulent flow in a horizontal pipe, the pressure gradient varies linearly with distance.
• A streamlined body is a body about which the flow separation is suppressed. [GATE 87].
• If the velocity distribution is rectangular then the kinetic energy correction factor will be  equal to unity.                      [GATE 90].
• At room temperature, the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of water are respectively greater than and less than of air.                       [ES 93].
• While choosing repeating variables in dimensional analysis, repeating variables should contain all primary units used in describing the variables in the problems and should not contain the dependent variables.

All information is learned through books and practical exercises.

Reference:

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