GATE PSUs preparation - Hydraulics - one liners..

Hello there,
How you doing? Here are one liners which might be helpful for your preparations for the GATE and PSUs exams:

• For uniform flow in channel, the total energy line, hydraulic gradient line and bottom of channel are all parallel.
• The chezy's co-efficient has the dimensions of  L^(1/2) T^(-1).
• The depth of flow for maximum velocity in a circular channel section is 0.81 times the diameter.
• For maximum discharge in a circular channel section, the ratio of depth of flow to the diameter of channel is 0.938(0.95 approx.)
• A triangular channel is most economical when each of its sloping side is inclined to the vertical at 45 degree of angle.
• For a trapezoidal section to be most economical its hydraulic radius must be equal to Yc/2.
• The critical state of flow through a channel section may be defined as the state of flow at which the discharge is maximum  for a given specific force.
• For a given specific energy E, the critical depth for a rectangular channel is given by Yc = 2/3E.
• For the same specific force, the two depths at which a given discharge can occur are called conjugate depths.
• The most common instrument/device for measuring discharges through channels is Venturi-flume.
• When the slope of bottom of a channel raises in the direction of flow, it is called adverse slope.

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Note: Please suggest any improvements.

reference: Civil Engineering Objectives by S P  Gupta and S P Gupta