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Here is the 8th part of our notes for preparation of GATE and other examinations related to Civil Engineering.
- Vorticity and stream function exist both in rotational and irrotational flow.
- The flow of water in a wash hand basin when it is being emptied through a central opening is an example of a free vortex.
- Mach number has its application in the launching of rockets.
- Thoma number has its application in the cavitation phenomenon.
- Reynolds number has its application in motion of submarine.
- Weber number has its application in capillary flow in soil.
- An error of 0.5% in the measurement of the head in a V-notch causes an error of 1.25% in the discharge.
- Smaller eddy sizes and large intensities of turbulence would entail a greater energy dissipation in a turbulent flow.
- Shear velocity is a fictitious quantity.
- A model of a weir made to a horizontal scale of 1/40 and vertical scale of 1/9 discharges 1 liter/sec. Then the discharge in the prototype is estimated as 1080 liter/s.
- Laminar flow occurs between extensive stationary plates. The energy correction factor is nearly 2.0
- In the steady laminar flow of a liquid through a circular pipe of internal diameter D, carrying a constant discharge, the hydraulic gradient is inversely proportional to D^4.
- For laminar flow between parallel plates separated by a distance of 2h, head loss varies inversely as h^3.
- A turbine works at 20 m head and 500 rpm speed. Its 1:2 scale model to be tested at a head of 20 m should have a rotational speed of nearly 1000 rpm.
- In a reciprocating pump, the air vessel reduces the acceleration head and consequently reduces the effect of friction head also.
- The correct sequence, in the direction of flow of water for installations, in a hydro-power plant is the reservoir, pen-stock, surge tank, and turbine.
References (Also the best books for GATE and PSU preparations):
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